Public Health Nursing Practice Exam

What factor is most influential in the emergence of new infectious diseases?

1. Increased availability of immunizations

2. Globalization of food supplies

3. Decreased use of child care facilities

4. Creation of sanitation systems in third world countries

The correct answer is: Globalization of food supplies

The globalization of food supplies is a significant factor in the emergence of new infectious diseases because it facilitates the rapid movement of food products across borders, creating opportunities for pathogens to spread quickly among diverse populations. This extensive distribution network means that an outbreak in one region can easily become a global issue as contaminated food products reach consumers far from the original source. Moreover, globalization often includes the mixing of agricultural practices and animals from different environments, which can lead to increased interspecies transmission of zoonotic diseases. As humans and animals interact with novel pathogens in this interconnected system, the risk of new infectious diseases emerging rises significantly. This context not only highlights the role of food supply chains but also underscores the interconnectedness of global health, where a change or issue in one locale can have far-reaching effects on public health worldwide. In contrast, the other options address factors that are less directly related to the emergence of new diseases. The availability of immunizations typically helps prevent the spread of infectious diseases rather than contributing to their emergence. Decreased use of child care facilities may have some impact on specific disease transmissions in a localized context, but it is not a broad factor in the emergence of new diseases. Finally, the creation of sanitation systems in underdeveloped regions primarily aims to