Public Health Nursing Practice Exam

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What demographic trend is characterized by an increase in fertility and a decrease in mortality?

Baby Boom
Baby Bust
Increased Aging Population
Single Parent Homes

The correct answer is: Baby Boom

The demographic trend characterized by an increase in fertility and a decrease in mortality is the Baby Boom. This phenomenon typically refers to the significant increase in birth rates observed post-World War II, particularly between the years 1946 and 1964. During this time, many countries experienced improved healthcare, which contributed to lower mortality rates, particularly infant mortality. The combination of these factors resulted in a demographic shift where the population grew significantly due to both higher birth rates and greater survival rates at various life stages. In contrast, the other options reflect different demographic changes: the Baby Bust refers to a period of declining birth rates that typically follows a Baby Boom. An increased aging population reflects longevity rather than fertility rates, indicating a shift in population dynamics as more individuals live to older ages. Single parent homes describe a family structure trend rather than a demographic trend related to birth and mortality rates.